One of those bells that now and then rings


Image by Bright Tal
it says "bell"

Used for the cover of origami-all-stars – Earwitness

Stone Bell, Lalibela, Ethiopia


Image by A. Davey
We passed this stone bell on our way from one church to another at Lalibela, Ethiopia. I’ve since learned the term for a stone bell is a "lithophone" or a "phonolith." Another way to describe this instrument would be to call it a "phonolithic stone bell."

The bell is a bar-shaped piece of stone suspended horizontally by ropes from a long piece of timber. Each end of the timber is elevated above a high wall carved out of sold rock. While the bell’s weight causes the timber to sag, the bell remains several inches above the top of the rock wall. As it happens, there’s a dip in the stone wall below the bell.

For a clapper, the Ethiopians use an ovoid cobble, seen here resting on the bell. When the clapper strikes the stone bell, it produces a ringing sound surprisingly similar to a traditional European metal bell.

While I was aware that sets of jade bars had been used as percussion instruments in ancient China, I didn’t know a similar tradition of lithic (i.e., stone) musical instruments existed in Ethiopia.

The ropes supporting stone bell look relatively new. That makes sense when you consider the probable weight of the stone bar. It the bell was selected and shaped with care, and if it is old, its owners would want to take reasonable precautions to keep it from falling.

Here are a few things I’d like to know about this instrument:

> How old is the stone bar that constitutes the bell? Looking at the bell in the photo, I
didn’t see any grooves in the stone from prolonged contact with the support ropes. I don’t know what to make of that information without knowing how hard the stone is.

> How is the stone used in the bell selected; how much labor goes into shaping the bell; and does the maker select the stone with a particular shape in mind, or do the dimensions of the raw rock determine the shape of the finished bell?

> In selecting and shaping the stone bar, what effort, if any, is made to tune the bar to produce a particular tone?

> Is the distance between the bell and the supporting timber and/or the ground surface significant?

> Was the cobble clapper selected specifically for this bell, or will any cobble having the general shape and size of the one pictured suffice?

> Was the cobble shaped before being put into service as a clapper?

> On what occasions is the bell used?

> How long has the location shown here served as a belfry, so to speak?

Anyone who knows the answer to any of these questions and is willing to share them with me and my flickr viewers will earn my eternal gratitude. The way the US economy is performing, it may not be long before that is all I have left to offer!

Bell


Image by lokesh molakalmuru
Shot @ the temple near my native place Molakalmuru.
Best viewed in Black

It seems that this bell is not so old, but I find this as an interesting one to shoot.
A good light source helped from the left part of the picture to get this shot done.

This has been a wonderful place for me these days and lot of things to shoot for nature lovers and nature photographers. Also it is a good place for treckkers. Will upload some more picutres soon.

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Give your answer to this question below!

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I don’t understand why these numbers can not be used to determine the difference between individuals. Isn’t the percentile ranking and place finish in a race used exactly for the purpose of comparing one performance against another? If someone finished 3rd in a race, and someone else finished 8th, the difference in their places is 5.

It says you CAN use interval numbers to determine differences between individuals based on some trait or characteristic. Interval numbers are defined as being consecutive. It gives the examples of numbers on the Fahrenheit scale as an example.

I think the part I’m confused about is the difference between ranking and telling differences between individuals.

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Ordinal data just tells you the order of something. i.e. think of a 100m race.
1st place might take 10 secs, 2nd might be 10.5 secs and 3rd could be 11.09 secs.
The interval times between them are not fixed. Ordinal data just provides the position of where they came.

Interval data provides information which is more quantative. On the temperature scale you mention, 10 degrees Farenheit and say 11 degrees Farenheit – the difference is 1 degree…. the interval between each is the same – the scale is uniform!!

Ordinal – scale not uniform
Interval – scale is uniform

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Bell’s Beer Sampler


Image by Bernt Rostad
The beer samplers at Bell’s Eccentric Café comes on two shapes of boards, formed either as the Upper or as the Lower Peninsula. I got the Lower Peninsula board with these six beers on tap:

** Bells Wheat Love is an 8,24% abv wheat ale brewed with Belgian yeasts. It poured a cloudy orange with a small white head. Light in body. Aroma of Belgian yeast and sweet wheat malt. Sweet and medium heavy mouthfeel. Flavor was sweet, almost sugary, with a wheaty finish. Some yeast too. I found it too sweet for this kind of body.

** Bells Porter is a 5,2% abv porter. It poured black with a small beige head. Ashy aroma with some coffee roasted malt. Light mouthfeel. Roasty malt flavor with some coffee and chocolate notes. Crisp, but with a watery finish. Too light too be interesting but an OK low-strength porter I guess.

** Bells Kalamazoo Stout is a 6% abv stout. It poured black with a big tan head. Sweet malt aroma with notes of roasted malts, coffee and dark chocolate. Nice. Medium to light mouthfeel with a smooth carbonation. Flavor started out with mild coffee, dark chocolate and some malt sweetness. Well balanced, though a bit thin for my liking, I found it very drinkable. A good session stout?

** Bells Smoked Lager is a 5,9% abv lager brewed with Vienna-style smoked malts. It poured a hazy orange color with a small white head. Mouthfeel was thin, lagerish. Aroma of mild smoke and some malt. Flavor was dominated by the smoke, with some notes of sweet malt. Interesting to drink a lager with this much taste, but not sure I really like it. A beer with more body would be better suited to balance the smoke.

** Bells Oracle is a 10,1% abv double IPA. It poured a hazy amber color with a small white head. Aroma was very hoppy with notes of pine, citrus and floral hops. Mouthfeel was medium heavy. Flavor started out with a mild malt sweetness but shortly the resinous hops kicked in with lots of citrus, pine and bitterness. Good bitter finish too. This is a pretty solid double ipa, perfect for hopheads!

** Bells Hopslam is a 10% abv imperial IPA. It poured a beautiful golden color with a nice white head. Aroma of caramel malts and a healthy amount of hops, both citrus and floral. Mouthfeel was full bodied. Flavor started out with a good dose of caramel that perfectly balanced the hops when they kicked in. Yummy. Nice, long bitter sweet aftertaste. Though sweeter than the Oracle I really like it. A great imperial IPA.

Bell Family c.1910


Image by michaelpickard
John Bell, Eliza Bell (nee Evans), Elsie (?), Susan, Florrie Bell.